从设计角度谈桥梁的震害现象及应对策略

Discussion on Bridge Earthquake Damage Phenomena and Coping Strategy from a Design Perspective

桥梁由于自身"头重脚轻"的构造特点在地震中容易遭受震害威胁。对已有的桥梁震害进行总结反思,有助于积累桥梁抗震设计经验和完善抗震理论。文章总结了地震中桥梁结构常见的几种震害现象,从设计角度深入分析了落梁、支座破坏、墩台破坏及梁体移位等各种震害产生的原因及以后在桥梁抗震设计应重点注意的方面。文章从理论上探讨了桥梁抗震的概念设计和分析计算方法,并指出设计中应重视和加强桥梁的箍筋设计和防落梁设计等构造措施。最后对未来桥梁抗震的发展进行了展望和建议,提出为确保高速铁路的安全可靠运营应尽快建立高速铁路桥梁震害的预警机制,积极推广减隔震技术在桥梁工程中的应用。

The bridge is easy to be destroyed in an earthquake because of its heavy superstructure and light substructure, to sum up and rethink the bridge seismic disasters is propitious to accumulate seismic design experiences and to enrich seismic theories.In this paper,some familiar earthquake disaster phenomena is summarized,and from design angle,the causes which arouse these disaster phenomena such as girder falling,bearings destruction,pier damages and beam shift as well as what should be paid attention to in bridge design from now on are analyzed at the same time.The bridge seis-mic concept design and analytical calculation methods are discussed in theory,,and the measures such as bridge stirrup design and beam falling prevention to be attached importance to and be strengthened are also indicated.At last,expecta-tion and advices are given for the development of future bridge seismic,early warning mechanism for high speed railway bridge seismic damages to be established as soon as possible in order to insure safe reliable operation of high speed rail-way is put forward,seismic mitigation and absorption technology is actively promoted in application of bridge construc-tion.