安徽省1949～2013年儿童新发麻风病病例特征分析

Epidemiological analyses of leprosy in children in Anhui province from 1949 to 2013

目的分析安徽省儿童麻风的发病特征,了解全省儿童麻风病流行状况,为儿童麻风病防治工作提供一定的科学依据。方法利用全国麻风病疫情监测系统,收集整理1949～2013年安徽省儿童麻风病患者的个案资料,进行描述性分析。结果 1949～2013年安徽省登记新发麻风病人共8 104例,其中儿童221例(占2.7%),86.3%的病例在1978年以前发现。0～14岁儿童病例中,男性158例,女性63例,各年龄均有发病,平均延迟期中位数为13.0个月,四分位数间距25.5个月,延迟期≤24个月152例(占68.8%),2级畸残94例(占42.5%),延迟期越长,畸残率越高,查菌阳性70例(占31.7%),以结核样麻风和瘤型麻风为主,发现方式以皮肤科就诊为主。结论儿童麻风病是体现麻风病流行程度的敏感指标之一。加强安徽省的主动发现工作,早期发现儿童麻风病例,有利于发现和控制潜在传染源,缩短延迟期,减低畸残率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in children in Anhui province, to understand its epidemic status and trend, and provide new clue and eveidence for preventing leprosy. Methods The date of leprosy in children from 1949 to 2013 in Anhui was collected through Leprosy Management Information System in China, and descriptive and comparative analysis was performed. Results A total of 8104 leprosy cases were detected during 1949 -2013 in Anhui, of which 221（2.7% ） were child cases, 158 males and 63 females. Cases scattered every age. The median and quantile range of the delay of diagnosis was 13.0 months and 25.5 months. The delay of diagnosis which ≤24 months were 152 （68.8%） , 94（42.5% } cases with grade 2 disability, the rate of deform would increased with the delay of diagnosis. 70 （31.7%） cases were with positive skin smears, the major subgroups were TI＂ and LL, and the most cases were found by the dermatology clinic. Conclusion. The proportion of leprosy in children was one of the sensitive indicators of leprosy endemicity. Improving the work of active modes in Anhui may be important to find leprosy in children early, control the infection source effectively, shorten the delay period, and reduce the rate of deform.