土楼夯土在模拟风雨环境下的风洞侵蚀试验研究

Tulou rammed earth's wind tunnel erosion test under simulated conditions of wind and rain

福建土楼作为世界文化遗产,宏大的夯土墙体显出土楼的建筑特色,但这种生土结构易受雨水侵蚀,闽西南地处亚热带温湿海洋气候,雨量充足,台风频发,长期风雨侵蚀严重影响土楼的安全性和耐久性.从永定县非世遗客家民居土楼割取原始夯土块,进行了风驱雨模拟环境下的风洞侵蚀试验研究,研究表明:夯土侵蚀受风速和雨强影响,其侵蚀量随风速与雨强的增加而增加,而风速增加产生的夯土侵蚀量明显大于雨强增加产生的侵蚀量,结合当地风雨气象资料,可计算福建土楼的风雨侵蚀寿命,为土楼保护提供理论依据,具有较强的应用价值.

Fujian Tulou as a world cultural heritage, grand rammed earth wall presents architectural features. But this kind of raw soil structure is susceptible to rain. Southwestern Fujian with the subtropical marine climate has plenty of rain and typhoons. The long-term wind and rain erosion seriously affects security and durability of the Tulou. This paper uses original rammed earth blocks that cut from Yongding Hakka Tulou which is not the world cultural heritage and does rammed earth wind tunnel erosion test under simulated conditions of wind-driven rain. Research shows rammed earth erosion is affected by wind speed and rainfall intensity. The erosion amount increases along with the increase of wind speed and rainfall intensity. The increase of erosion amount caused by wind speed is significantly greater than that caused by rainfall intensity. Combined with the local wind and rain meteorological data, the life of Fujian Tulou under wind and rain erosion can be calculated. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the Tulou protection.