蓬莱19-3溢油事件的“问题化”机制研究——基于建构主义的分析视角

How is Plenglai 19-3 Oil Spill Incident Problematized?——From Perspective of Constructivism

从建构主义视角分析蓬莱19-3溢油事件,并不是否认它是"有问题的"的客观事实,而是要揭示它是如何"问题化"的,即如何由"问题"演变为"社会问题"。溢油事件发生后,一直存在着多种社会力量的角逐。从它"浮出水面"到"问题化"的过程中,政府、科学家、大众传媒、社会公众和渔民分别以不同的方式对这一客观事实进行建构。蓬莱19-3溢油事件"问题化"过程研究表明:它成为一个社会问题,是社会界定和话语分析的结果;同时,社会结构的变化对蓬莱19-3溢油事件的"问题化"产生着深刻影响。溢油事件中的社会建构机制和信息发布机制,对于政府部门处置类似环境突发事件具有重要借鉴意义。

The study on the incident of Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill from the perspective of constructivism is not to deny the fact but to reveal and analyze the problematization process and the evolution from problem to social problem. After the event, various social powers entered into rivalry in this area. The government, scientists, mass media, public, and fishermen construct this objective fact in different ways in the process of problematization. The process shows that the key of the problematization relies on the social definition and discourse analysis. Meanwhile, the change of social structure has a profound impact on the problematization of Plenglai 19-3 Oil Spill. The mechanisms of social construction and information release have important referential significance for government departments to deal with similar environmental emergencies.