北周政权是否实行九品中正制?

Whether the Regime of Northern Zhou Implemented the Nine-rank System?

主要根据《周书》、《北史》对中正这一职官任免的记载加以分析,可以看出这些任中正者都是在西魏时期,进入北周之后再没有一位官员担任过中正这一职官,在该政权中任宰相、柱国等高官者也没有一位是通过九品中正制的选官途径进入仕途的,这些都说明虽然在西魏时期还实行九品中正制,但是进入北周之后就没有再实施这项选官制度。相反,与北周并立的北齐、陈这两个政权却实行九品中正制,这也从另一个侧面证明北周政权可能没有继续实行九品中正制。究其缘由,主要是因为北周政权没有实行汉魏的职官制度,却实行了所谓周六官的职官制度。还有"永嘉之乱"后关陇地区士族大量地离开家乡,使得该地区汉文化受到摧残。虽然有极少数人在西魏统治时期曾短暂地进入该政权的中枢,可是他们少有决策权。再加上关陇地区文化落后于其他两大地区,胡文化在该地区具有一定的影响,使得北周在汉化的道路上有更多的曲折。

Mainly according to the records on the appointment and dismissal of the position'zhongzheng'in The Book of Zhou and History of the Northern Dynasties,those officials all served under the Western Wei Dynasty,and no one had ever held the position in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.Meanwhile,none of the high officials such as the Prime Minister and the Pillar-of-the-State entered political career through the Nine-rank System.The records indicate that the Nine-rank System was implemented during the Western Wei period,but not in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.By contrast,the Nine-rank System was implemented by the two regimes of Northern Qi and Chen,which existed simultaneously with the Northern Zhou.That might be another proof that the regime of Northern Zhou did not continue to implement the system.It was mainly because the Northern Zhou Dynasty implemented the Six-ministry System on the model of Rites of Zhou,but not the official system of the Han and Wei Dynasties.Besides,the hereditary powerful families in the Guanlong area left their homeland massively after the Yongjia Turmoil,causing the blight of the Han culture in this area.Although very few people entered the power center of the Western Wei,they rarely owned the decision-making authority.Moreover,the culture of the Guanlong area lagged behind that of the other two big areas,and the Hu culture had certain influence in the area,so the Northern Zhou was faced with more twists on assimilating into the Han culture.