十世纪前的日本礼乐思想史——孕育出《古今和歌集》的土壤

The History of the Thought of Rites and Music in Japan before the Tenth Century: A Land That Bred A Compilation of Ancient and Modern Waka

中国古代的礼乐思想,是将规范人外在行为的"礼"和陶冶人内在感情的"乐"合而为一的思想,是教化人心、移风易俗、化民治国的根本。日本古代从7世纪到9世纪初,正值律令国家的建设发展时期,在大量引进中国律令法制和官僚制度的同时,也原样照搬了作为意识形态的礼乐思想。9世纪中叶以后,日本展开了乐制改革,国史记录中关于礼乐的叙述也随之消失,但这并不意味着礼乐思想在日本的消亡,而是象征着它已经由政治口号变成了滋养人心和陶冶德行的具体形式,是礼乐思想的受容趋向深化的表现。并且,日本化了的礼乐思想,还发展成为编纂和歌敕撰集的指导思想,《古今和歌集》就是其代表性成果。

The thought of rites and music in ancient China is a kind of thought combining the'rites'which regulate the external behavior and the'music'which cultivates the internal emotion,as well as the root for cultivating the people,changing the customs,and managing the statecraft.During the seventh century and the early ninth century,Japan was constructing a state of law.It widely introduced Chinese laws and bureaucracy,and at the same time,copied the thought of rites and music as the ideology.In the middle ninth century,Japan launched a reform of the music system,and consequently the narrations on rites and music disappeared from the national history.That did not mean the thought of rites and music going extinct in Japan,but it had transformed into specific forms of nourishing the mind and edifying the virtues from political slogans,which was a reflection of the deepening of its acceptance.Moreover,the localized thought of rites and music in Japan also developed into the guiding idea in compiling the collection of Waka under the imperial order,which could be represented by A Compilation of Ancient and Modern Waka.