仲裁庭自裁管辖理论及其在我国的实践路径

Jurisdiction & Jurisdiction Theory and its Practice in China

自裁管辖权,即仲裁庭有对其自身的管辖权和仲裁协议的效力作出裁决的权利。这一现代仲裁的重要成就,突破了传统管辖权理论的束缚,已被国际、国内仲裁立法与实践广泛采用。自裁管辖理论适应了仲裁实践和经济社会发展的需要。其目的不在于排斥法院的司法管辖权、赋予仲裁庭决定自己管辖权的权力,而仅仅是为了延迟司法机关对仲裁程序的干预时间,在一定程度上保证正在进行的仲裁程序不被打断,从而有效防止一方当事人恶意延宕仲裁程序,极大提高了仲裁的效率。我国法律对仲裁机构的自裁管辖权做出了特殊规定,但这种规定有违当事人的意愿、不符仲裁的效率原则、造成仲裁权分离,并且在实践中凸显出较多问题。对于这些弊端,国内的仲裁机构已经通过对仲裁规则的修改予以缓解,但对其根本的解决,仍应通过修改现行的仲裁法来实现。

It has been widely adopted that,the arbitration agreement＇s effectiveness, as well as its jurisdiction by International and domestic legislations could be decided by the arbitral tribunal. The theory is considered a great success in arbitration field. According the theory, judge still entitled to determine the final effect of the arbitration agreement. The purpose of the theory is not to exclude the jurisdiction of the courts but to delay court intervening in the arbitration proceeding, which greatly improve the efficiency of the arbitration proceedings. China Arbitration Laws, to some extent, provides that the arbitration organ determine the validity of the arbitration agreement, which has a lot of drawbacks, but the fundamental solution to the problem should be achieved by amending the Arbitration Act.