论道德利他的本质、类型及其特征

On the Essence,Types and Characteristics of Moral Altruism

道德利他的概念,与诸如经济、政治、心理和生理等层面的利他概念有本质区别。从主体和客体、纯度广度和频度、情境的危急性等维度审视,可以把道德利他现象区分为诸多类型。道德利他有如下特征:个体与社会、自律与他律相互应,认知与行为、情感与理性相统一,奉献与回报、德性与幸福相结合。

The concept of moral altruism has substantial distinction with altruistic concepts such as economic, political, psychological and physiological aspects. From the angle of critical dimensions of the subject and the object, scope, context, we can divided moral altruistic phenomena into many types. Moral altruism is characterized as follows： the individual and the society, the interaction of self-discipline and heteronomy, emotional and rational cognition and behavior, unity, dedication, the combination of virtue and happiness.