会话解述的生成机制和语用功能——以心理治疗对话为分析样本

The Generative Mechanism and Pragmatic Functions of "Formulation"

以心理治疗会话中的真实语料为基础,对话语解述的生成机制及语用功能进行研究表明,心理治疗会话中的参与者(主要是治疗师),通过扩展、删减、重组、推衍等方式对对方的话语进行解述;解述在心理治疗的话语实践中具有互动控制、问题诊断、做出心理学或专业性解释、实施问话等多种语用功能。解述具有互动合作性,而且隐含话语引导的权力,有效地运用解述有助于实现"以言治病"。

As an important conversational practice posed by ethnomethodologists Garfinkel and Sacks,'formulation' proves to be an important communicative strategy.Based on the 'formulation' theory and the corpus transcribed from psychotherapeutic sessions,this paper conducts a conversation analysis of the generative mechanism and pragmatic functions of ' formulation '.The findings are;(1) The 'formulation' sequence usually follows the ' question-answer' sequence;(2) The participants in psychotherapeutic conversations(mainly the therapists) formulate the clients' prior talk through expansion,reduction,reshaping and implication;(3) Formulation 'performs the pragmatic functions of interactional control,problem diagnosis,psychological or professional explanation,questioning work and so on.Therefore,'formulation' is not only an indication of interactive cooperation,but also an implication of discourse power.Effective formulation helps to achieve the institutional goal of 'talking cure' in psychotherapy.