不同任务情境下目标定向、动机及运动表现关系的考究——以足球定位球踢准为例

Relationship of goal orientation,motivation and performance under different tasks——With the football kicking accuracy as an example

为了考察不同任务情境(训练和比赛)下目标定向(自我定向和任务定向)、动机及运动表现的关系,主要设计了训练和比赛两种任务情境,重点探讨这两种情境下目标定向、动机(努力、乐趣、压力等变量)和运动表现的关系,并分析出不同任务情境下它们之间的重要预测变量和调节变量。通过测试、问卷调查及数理统计等方法对体育教育专业30名男生进行了数据测试和分析;结果表明:1)自我定向、目标定向及动机各变量在不同的任务情境中均发生了显著的变化,但运动成绩没有显著性改变(P<0.05,表1);2)目标定向中自我定向发挥了对任务情境和努力的显著调节作用(B=0.705,P<0.01,表5),且交互作用显著(B=0.347,P<0.01);3)不同的任务情境下目标定向可以通过合理的分配来调节努力和乐趣,即自我定向的提升能够改变努力和乐趣的提升,然而,这种效应在高任务定向下更加明显。

To investigate the relationship between goal orientation （ego orientation and task orientation） , motivation and performance under different tasks（ training and competition）, the two tasks （ sports training and competition） were designed to discuss the effect of different tasks on the goal orientation, motivation （efforts, fun, pressure and other variables ） and performance, and analyze the important predictive variables for different tasks and the adjusting variables. Through the test method, questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics method, a test was carried out on 30 male students majoring in PE and the results show that 1 ） the task and ego orientation in different task situations （ training and competition） has changed, but sport achievement is not significant （ P 〈 O. 05, Table 1 ） ; 2 ） ego orientation of goal orientation plays a significant moderating effect on the task context （B = 0. 705, P 〈 0. 01 ;Table 5 ）, and a significant interaction （ B = O. 347, P 〈 0.01 ） ; 3 ） the different task situations changed the relationship between variables, especially the ego orientation ascension can change efforts and fun ascension, however, this effect in high task orientation is more obvious.