中国粮食作物地理集聚的时空演化及效应分析

Analysis on Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Effects of Geography Agglomeration of Grain Crops in China

通过对1980～2012年中国粮食作物种植区位基尼系数、产业集中度、专业化指数的计算，分析我国粮食作物种植的时空特征、演化趋势及地理集聚效应。研究结果表明，我国粮食作物整体上空间聚集程度较高，但粮食作物不同类别的地理集聚有较大差异；从演化趋势看，粮食作物生产总体从东部、中部向西部转移，谷物逐渐向东北转移，薯类从中东部向西部地区转移，东北仍然是豆类的主要集聚区；从集聚效应看，粮食作物的地理集聚与其产量的增长呈现显著正相关关系，粮食作物总体和谷物、豆类的地理集聚程度对产量增长有积极促进作用。粮食作物地理集聚对产业发展具有显著正效应，20世纪80年代以来粮食作物集聚水平逐步增强，但大部分地区集聚程度仍较低，标志中国粮食作物集聚水平有较大提升空间。

Through the calculation of locational Gini coefficient, the degree of industrial concentration and specialization index of 1980-2012 Chinese grain crops, we analyzed the temporal and spatial features, evolution trends and geographical agglomeration effects of food crops in China. The results showed that： the degree of aggregation was higher, but the agglomeration of different crop categories was quite different; from the point of the evolutionary trend, grain crop production overall was shifting from the east and middle area to the west area, grain was gradually transferring to northeast area, potato was transferring from the east to the west area and the northeast area was still the main gathering area of peas and beans; from the point of agglomeration effect, there was a significant positive correlation between grain crops geographical agglomeration and output growth. There had a positive role in promoting the yield of food crops and beans when the geographical agglomeration degree was higher. Grain crop aggregation had a significant positive effect on industrial development, even since the 1980s, the agglomeration level of crop gradually increased, the degree of agglomeration was low in the major area of China, which marked the level of agglomeration of food crops had bigger promotion space.