女运动员运动性骨量丢失的研究进展

Research Progress of Exercise-induced Bone Mass Loss in Female Athletes

1)女运动员具有较高的骨量丢失患病率,患骨量丢失的运动员呈现骨量堆积不足、骨峰值降低,甚至患有骨质疏松症,但国内女性运动员骨量丢失的研究成果非常匮乏。2)月经障碍是导致运动员出现骨量丢失的重要原因,患有月经障碍的运动员体内激素发生变化,抑制骨形成,导致骨量丢失。同时发现,运动员骨量丢失呈现运动项目和身体部位的特异性。3)能量负平衡可能是导致女性运动员出现骨量丢失的根源。出现长期能量亏空的运动员,刺激体内代偿机制的发生,出现生殖功能中枢抑制,致使运动员出现骨量丢失。但患有饮食障碍(能量负平衡)并月经正常的运动员也容易出现骨量丢失,至于导致骨量丢失的机理目前尚不清楚。4)女性运动员大量饮用咖啡、过度饮酒及吸烟容易抑制骨细胞的活性,增加骨吸收,不利于骨形成,导致骨量流失,出现骨密度下降,需要关注女性运动员的饮食习惯及不良嗜好,预防骨量丢失。5)治疗运动员骨量丢失通常采用雌激素替代疗法和口服避孕药法,目前这两种方法仍存在较大争议,积极探索治疗女运动员骨量丢失的更合适方法仍是亟需解决的问题。

1 ） Female athletes are more likely to have bone mass loss, with which, the athlete will appear to be lack of bone mass, lower peak bone mass, even to have osteoporosis, but the researches on the loss of bone mass in domestic female athletes are very rare. 2 ） Menstrual disorders is an important reason of the appearance of bone mass loss in athletes. Athletes with menstrual disorders will have less estrogen, and thus hold-up the formation of bone, resulting in bone mass loss. Meanwhile, bone mass losses in athletes are distinct with different sports and body parts. 3） Negative energy balance may be the key reason of bone mass loss in athletes. Long-term energy deficit in athletes will stimulate the occurrence of compensatory mechanisms in the body, and inhibit the central reproductive function, resulting in bone mass loss in athletes. But athletes who have normal menstruation but negative energy balance are also likely to have bone mass losses, the mechanism of bone mass loss is still unclear. 4） Drink a lot of coffee, alcohol and smoking easily inhibit bone formation, leading to loss of bone mass, bone density decline occurs, therefore, need to focus on women＇s athletes eating habits and bad habits, to prevent of bone loss. 5） Usually, the treatment of bone mass loss are estrogen replacement therapy and orally taking eontraeeptives method, but these two methods are still under controversy, we have to figure out more suitable treatments.