血液循环microRNAs在运动训练领域研究进展及展望

Research Advances and Prospects of Circulating MicroRNAs in Sports Training

微小RNA(microRNAs,miRs)在生理调节中发挥重要作用,已得到广泛认识和探究,miRs能够离开组织细胞进入血液,成为循环miRs。目前发现循环miRs生化特点非常稳定,因此,很多领域研究循环miRs诊断疾病的可能性,寻找新生物标记。近期研究也探索了运动对循环miRs的影响,探索其作为新指标为运动训练服务的可行性。初步研究结果表明,血液里肌肉特异性miRs对一次中小强度的运动并不敏感,而马拉松运动或离心收缩成分居多的运动能引起肌肉特异性miRs的升高,另外还发现,个别非肌肉特异性循环miRs对不同种类运动较为敏感。以后需要研究长期训练和循环miRs关系,改进循环miRs的检测方法,深入探究不同训练群体循环miRs的差异。分析了现有运动对循环miRs影响的研究报道,提出了今后研究展望。

The crucial role of microRNAs （miRs） in the physiological regulation has been widely recognized. Recently, it was discovered that miRs circulate in the bloodstream and such circulating miRs are remarkably stable. Many studies investigated whether circulating miRs in the blood can serve as novel diagnostic markers. Recent papers also reported the effects of exercises on the circulating miRs and studied their potential role in exercise training. Several studies demonstrated that muscle-specific miRs are up-regulated in response to either marathon race or high eccentric component exercise, but that effects can not be observed after a bout of moderate or light load exercise. Some certain non-muscle-specific miRs also are sensitive to a variety of exercises. Future studies need to explore the relationship between long-term exercise training and circulating miRs, improve the methods in the detection of circulating miRs, and intensively distinguish the circulating miRs patterns among different groups related to exercise training. In this review, we summarized reports that involved the effects of exercise on the circulating miRs and put forward research prospect.