贸易开放、农村劳动力流动与城乡收入差距

Trade Openness,Rural Labor Mobility and Urban-Rural Income Gap

将农村劳动力流动纳入贸易开放的收入分配效应的理论框架,研究了贸易开放和农村劳动力流动的收入分配效应,以及农村劳动力流动在贸易开放的城乡收入分配效应中的作用。研究得出,如果没有农村劳动力的充分流动,纯粹依靠贸易开放难以有效缩小城乡收入差距;在沿海地区,农村劳动力流动规模较大,促进了贸易开放发挥收敛城乡收入的作用,然而在内陆地区,由于劳动力缺乏足够的流动性,城乡收入差距依然较大;除价格机制外,贸易开放还通过提升出口商品结构、引导外向型产业布局扩散、吸引外资流入等机制影响城乡收入差距。

Based on the theoretic framework of income distribution effect of trade openness with consider-ing rural labor mobility,this paper empirically analyzes the influences of trade openness and rural labor mobility on urban-rural income gap and the role of rural labor mobility.The research showed that,the rural labor mobility plays a key role in income distribution effect of trade openness,if there is no large-scale flow of rural labor,it is difficult to narrow the urban-rural income gap simply relying on trade open-ness.In the coastal areas,the mobility of rural labor has reached a larger scale,which promotes trade openness and helps to narrow the urban-rural income gap.However,in the inland areas,urban-rural in-come gap is still large due to small-scale labor mobility.In addition to the price mechanism,trade open-ness also influences urban-rural income gap through upgrading the trade commodity structure,diffusing the export-oriented industrial layout,and attracting foreign capital inflow.