政府对公众参与的策略选择——一个“轮流出价博弈”的分析框架

Governments'Strategies Selection of Citizen Participation——An Alternating Offers Game Analytical Framework

公众参与在政府行政与公共决策制定过程中扮演了重要的角色。基于博弈论视角提出的"轮流出价博弈"的分析框架,可以较好地描述和解释政府对公众参与的策略变化及其背后的因果机制。在某一公共议题中,政府对公众参与存在"无参与"、"象征性参与"和"真实参与"三种策略选择。基于理性原则,政府会依据每轮博弈中公众的讨价还价能力与政府的讨价还价成本而做出相应的策略调整。"象征性参与"会成为今后公众参与的常态,而"真实参与"则取决于公众的集体行动压力、议题的社会化程度与政府的执政理念创新。

Citizen participation plays an important role in government administration and decision-making. Based on the perspective of game theory, this article put forward an alternating offers game of citizen participation to describe government＇s strategies selection and explain the reason. The study found that there were three strategies for government to select in a public issue, as ＂non-participation＂, ＂tokenism＂, and ＂authentic participation＂ . Based on rational principles, the government would make appropriate strategy adjustment according to the citizens＇ bargaining power and the governments＇ bargaining cost in each round of the game. This article argued that ＂tokenism＂ would become the norm of the future citizen participation, ＂authentic participation＂ depend on the citizens＇ collective action pres- sure, issues＇ socialization, and governments＇ governance innovation.