“占领华尔街”运动与茶党运动的对比分析--政治过程理论视角

A Comparative Study on the Occupy Wall Street Movement and the Tea Party Movement:From the Perspective of the Political Process Theory

近年来美国相继爆发大规模的左右翼社会运动,这种现象在美国社会运动史上十分罕见。从国内层面看,"占领华尔街"运动与茶党运动相继发轫于美国,主要是由于美国自20世纪80年代开始实行的新自由主义政策给美国社会酿成的恶果、2007年底开始的金融危机、政治极化等因素所致;从国际层面看,近几年社会运动在全球范围内的高涨是"占领华尔街"运动继茶党运动之后发生的助推器。比较而言,茶党运动比"占领华尔街"运动更强势,这不仅延续了20世纪70年代以来美国左右翼社会运动力量对比的特点,而且在可预见的将来,这种局面也很难改变。

It is not common that in the United States large-scale leftwing and right-wing social movements broke out in succession like what has happened in recent years.From the domestic perspective,this phenomenon is a reflection of the bad consequences of neo-liberal economic policies that have been implemented since the 1980 s,the financial crisis that started at the end of 2007 and the increasingly serious political polarization in the recent decades.From the international perspective,the reason why the Occupy Wall Street movement followed the Tea Party movement also lies in the worldwide upsurge of social movements.Comparatively speaking,American right-wing social movements are relatively stronger than those of left-wing,which retains theimbalance of the power between left-and right-wing social movements since the 1970 s.Such power imbalance may be difficult to reverse in the foreseeable future.