美国非法移民立法改革与利益集团因素研究

American Undocumented Immigration Legislative Reform and the Role of Interest Groups

美国非法移民问题始于第二次世界大战后,1970年代中后期后,它成为美国国内的热点问题。美国国会颁布了一系列治理非法移民问题的法律。利益集团通过多种方式和路径游说国会,对相关立法产生了重大影响。这种影响一方面提高了利益集团的政治参与度,为国会立法和决策提供了重要的信息源;一方面因利益集团之间的分歧而严重阻碍了立法进程,降低了国会立法的效率,削弱了国会的立法权,导致国会不能及时出台有效的法律来治理非法移民问题。

Illegal immigration began in the United States after World War II and has remained a hot issue since the late 1970 s.Congress has enacted a series of laws on controlling illegal immigration.Interest groups lobby Congress through a variety of ways and paths and have made a significant impact on relevant legislation.The involvement of interest groups has increased their political participation and has provided important information for Congressional decision-making.At the same time,however,the disparities among interest groups have seriously impeded Congressional legislative process,reduced the efficiency of legislation and weakened Congressional legislative power.As a result,it makes Congress less likely to enact effective laws on governing illegal immigration in time.