藏传佛教宁玛派“俄巴”的生产性仪式研究

A Study on the Productive Rituals of Ngopa of the Nyingmapa Sect of the Tibetan Buddhism

宁玛派"俄巴"是藏传佛教领域比较特殊的群体,他们既在固定宗教场所从事宗教活动,扮演宗教师的角色,又结婚生子,从事日常生产劳动以养家糊口,并且参加社区的政治、经济、文化方面的各种活动,与普通百姓关系密切。文章以田野调查的民族志资料为基础,结合相关藏文文献资料,对宁玛派"俄巴"的防雹、祈雨、保护农牧业丰收、防止家畜疾病等诸多生产性宗教仪式进行了研究,认为这些仪式对于促进生态平衡,保持人与自然和谐具有一定的意义。

Ngopa is a special group of people in the Nyingmapa sect of the Tibetan Buddhism as they conduct religious activities at certain religious sites playing the role as religious masters, but they get married and have children, and engage in routine production work to support their families, and participate in the political, economic and cultural activities of their community with ordinary people. On the basis of a study of ethnographic materials, a research of the productive rituals carried out by Ngopa has been done by referring to the Tibetan documents. Their rituals of hail suppression, praying for rain, harvests, preventing animal diseases, etc., mean to promote eco- logical balance and maintain the harmony between man and nature, so they have certain significance.