食品安全信息规制机制的法治省思——以食品安全信息统一公布制度为研究对象

Regulatory Mechanisms of Food Safety Information:Food Safety Information Publicity System as Research Object

伴随着我国食品安全事故的高频率爆发,《食品安全法》确立的食品安全信息统一公布制度有利于改善食品安全治理工作。但此制度的出台并没有抑制重大食品安全事故的再次发生,食品安全信息统一公布制度存在公布信息主体混乱、信息发布决策的社会参与不足以及权利救济机制短缺三大问题。应从整个卫生行政部门系统都享有信息统一公布的权力这个角度来解决公布主体混乱的问题。通过对公民在食品安全信息分布中的参与权进行分析发现:普通公众与食品生产经营者的参与权存在区别;应合理协调应急信息中的公共利益与公民参与之间的冲突。从普通公众和食品生产经营者两个不同维度完善权利救济机制,并借鉴民法上的不真正连带责任来解决政府责任问题。

As the food safety accident happens with high frequency, the system of food safety information public, ity established by Food Safety Law is helpful to improve food security. However the establishment of this system does not prevent serious food safety accident happening. This system has three defects： the disorders of information publicity agent, the lack of social participation in the decisions of information publicity and the shortage of right relief mechanism. The disorders of information publicity agent should be solved from the viewpoint that all the administrative departments of public health systems have the right to publish information. Two facts have been revealed through the analysis of citizens＇ partic- ipation rights in the announcement of food safety information ： the participation rights of the general public and the food producers or traders have difference; conflicts of emergency information between public interest and civic participation should be legitimately coordinated. The conflict of the public interest and civic participation in the emergency information should be reconciled reasonably. The right relief mechanism has to be perfect from the two different dimensions of the general public and the food producers and proprietors. And the solution to the problem of government responsibility could draw lessons from unreal joint-liability in the Civil Law.