哈贝马斯生活世界理论的特征与来源——基于哈氏研究的一个误区

Features and origin of Habermas' s life world theory ——Based on the misunderstanding aspect in the study of it

生活世界是哈贝马斯确保交往行为者们达成相互理解的背景假设,在形式语用学和交往行为理论中居于重要地位。目前关于哈氏生活世界理论的研究存在一个明显的谱系学认识误区,即认为他的思想渊源仅限于现象学的生活世界理论而无关其他。实际上,将思辨的欧陆哲学与分析的英美哲学融入一炉的哈氏思想的重要特征之一就是他的综合性,生活世界的谱系正体现了这一特点。哈氏生活世界理论的思想源泉来自以下五个方面:现象学的生活世界理论;现象学社会学的生活世界理论;涂尔干的集体意识理论;米德的自我理论;波普尔的三个世界理论。

The life world is the background assumptions by which Habermas guarantees the mutual understanding among communication actors. It plays a key role in the formal pragmatics and communicative action theory. At present, there is the misunderstanding of genealogy in the study of Habermas’s life world theory, that is, Habermas’s source of ideas just stems from the phenomenological life world theory. Indeed, syntheses is one of the important features of his thought which integrats speculative continental philosophy with analytical Anglo-American philosophy, which the genealogy of Habermas’s life world reflects. Therefore, the source of ideas of Habermas’s life world theory lies in the following five aspects： the phenomenological life world theory; phenomenological sociological life world theory;Durkheim’s collective consciousness theory;Mead’s self theory;Popper’s three-world theory.