国际产品内分工模式对中国工业部门收入分配格局的影响研究

The Income Distributional Effects of International Intra-product Specialization Patterns in China's Industrial Sectors

在国际产品内分工体系中,各国参与产品内分工的行业技术密集度及所负责的生产工序技术密集度存在明显差异,由此将形成不同的产品内分工模式,并影响行业熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力间的收入分配格局。本文利用32个中国工业部门行业的动态面板数据,运用系统广义矩估计方法进行研究发现:不论是低端型还是高端型产品内分工模式,均会显著提高行业熟练劳动力的工资份额,加剧熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力间的工资差距;不同产品内分工模式影响收入分配格局的机制存在差异,低端型国际产品内分工通过进口中间品技术溢出间接地影响收入分配格局,而高端型国际产品内分工则通过要素替代直接影响收入分配格局;国际产品内分工对高技术部门收入分配格局的影响要大于低技术部门。研究还显示,中国工业部门产品内分工程度的变动趋势预示了低技术部门竞争优势逐渐丧失而高技术部门竞争优势尚未确立的现实。

This paper points out that, different industries of different countries often undertake different skill-intensive components of production process in the international intra-product specialization, which will lead to different intra-product specialization patterns and ultimately affect the income distribution between skilled labor and unskilled labor. Based on China＇s 32 industries＇ dynamic panel data and using SYS-GMM method, this paper finds that both the low-level pattern and the high-level pattern of intra-product specialization increase the wage share of skilled labor and widen the wage gap between the skilled labor and unskilled labor,but the mechanism of the effect of two patterns of intra-product specialization on the income distribution is different. The low-level pattern indirectly affects the income distribution through technology spillovers of skilled-intensive intermediate imports; while the high-level pattern of intra-product specialization directly affects the income distribution through factor substitution. The result also shows that the high-teeh sectors are affected greater than the low-teeh sectors. It is also found in China＇s industrial sectors, that the competitive advantage of high-tech sectors has not been built up while the low-tech sectors has been losing its competitiveness along the changes of the international intra- product specialization.