价值评估手段选择:意愿支付抑或意愿接受——实验研究前沿述评

Choice of Value Estimation Tools:Willingness to Pay or Willingness to Accept——An Review of Experiment Research Frontier

新古典经济学与行为经济学在解释意愿支付(willing to pay,WTP)与意愿接受(willing to accept,WTA)之间差异这一现象时,存在严重的分歧。国际上,众多学者针对WTP与WTA不一致的现象也展开了广泛的实验研究。之所以众多学者关注WTP与WTA之间的差异问题,一方面是因为它涉及新古典经济理论中关于偏好假定的合理性问题;另一方面在于WTP与WTA还是两种重要的价值评估手段。因为许多公共经济政策的制定或效果评估与此有直接关系。许多公共经济政策的制定或效果评估需要在WTP与WTA之间进行审慎选择,特别是在涉及医疗、环境问题、公共产品供给以及不可再生资源定价方面。正确区分这两种价值评估手段的适用性是公共经济政策制定的一个基础性条件。鉴于此,本文在重现研究争论和系统梳理相应研究结论的基础上对公共政策经济估值方法(WTP还是WTA)的选择提出识别依据。

Great discrepancy exits between neoclassical and behavioral economics as for the explanation of the willingness to pay/willingness to accept gap. Many researchers have conducted extensive experimental studies on the willingness to pay/willingness to accept gap. The reasons for wide concern on the willingness to pay/willingness to accept gap from researchers lie in the rationality of preference hypothesis in neoclassical economics and willingness to pay/willingness to accept as two important value estimation tools. The formulation and effect valuation of public economic policies are directly related to the willingness to pay/willingness to accept gap, so it needs to make a prudent choice between willingness to pay and willingness to accept, especially as for medical and environmental issues, supply of public products and pricing of non-renewable resources. Correct distinguishment of the applicability of the two value estimation tools is a basic condition of public economic policy making. It proposes identification standards of public policy economic value estimation tools based on the reappearance of research arguments and a systematic review of related research conclusions.