均衡与演化范式下的技术创新政策比较

Comparative Study on Technology Innovation Policy in Equilibrium and Evolutionary Paradigm

均衡与演化是技术创新政策理论的两大主要研究范式,在诸多方面均截然不同。前者以本质论为哲学基础将技术创新的本质理解为"经济人"理性选择的结果,以市场失灵为理论依据,以资源最优配置为政策目标,倡导普适性的技术创新政策工具和使用;后者以个体群思想为哲学基础将技术创新的本质理解为一种复杂系统演化过程,以过程失败为理论依据,以构建有效技术创新系统为政策目标,强调多元化的技术创新政策工具及其动态使用。演化范式以更深厚的哲学基础、更坚实的理论依据、更富内涵的政策目标和更多元的政策工具提供了将均衡范式下的技术创新政策纳入自身框架之内的可能性,均衡范式下的技术创新政策也需要融合于演化范式才能破除日益突显的理论缺陷和现实困境,因此迫切需要发展一种综合的技术创新政策演化理论。

Equilibrium and evolutionary paradigm are the two main frameworks of technology innovation policy theory, but they differ from each other so much. The former is based on Essentialism philosophy, takes market failure as the theoretical basis and optimal allocation of resources as policy objective, advocates horizontal policies and universal usage of policy instruments; While the latter is based on population thinking philosophy, takes process failure as the theoretical basis and effective technological innovation system as policy objective, emphasizes the diversity and dynamics of technology innovation policy instruments. Evolution paradigm has more profound philosophical foundation, more solid theoretical basis, more content for policy objective and more diverse tools for technology innovation policy, which provides the possibility of integrating the technology innovation policy theory in equilibrium paradigm within the framework of evolutionary paradigm, and the integration is urgently needed for technology innovation policy theory in equilibrium paradigm in order to coping with its growing theoretical plight and practical shortcomings, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive evolutionary theory of technology innovation policy.