电动汽车充电基础设施建设与政府策略分析

Analysis on Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure and Government Strategy

本文以电动汽车充电基础设施建设的必要性尤其是当前的紧迫性为分析起点,界定了充电基础设施的准公共品性和准经营性特征,分析了包括政府在内的供给主体多元化的必要性和可行性,同时依据国内外政府参与充电基础设施建设的现有经验,提出政府参与的投融资政策制定者和必要的财政补贴扶持者角色。最后,本文主要给出了五个方面的政府策略:一是提高充电基础设施建设的全局性战略认识;二是加强充电基础设施外部性测度研究的支持力度;三是推动实现充电基础设施建设主体多元化;四是完善充电基础设施建设的补贴机制;五是加强对地方政府的引导和宏观调控。

The necessity and urgency of electric vehicle charging infrastructure were analyzed as starting points in this paper. Then quasi-public and quasi-operational characteristics of charging infrastructure were defined, and it was dem-onstrated that the diversification of charging infrastructure builders, including government, is essential and feasible. On the basis of international and domestic experiences, the role of government as investment financing policy maker and necessary financial subsidy supporter was proposed. Finally, main strategies for government were suggested, including improving overall strategic awareness of charging infrastructure, strengthening assisting for externality research, promo-ting diversification of builders, improving the subsidy mechanism and reinforcing regulation and macro guidance for local government.