论生态补偿转移支付的法律原则——基于生态补偿法与财政转移支付法耦合视角的分析

On Legal Principles of Transferring Payments of Eco-Compensation: From Perspective of both Eco-Compensation Law and Financial Transfer Payment Law

现有关于生态补偿转移支付法律原则的研究,或立足于生态保护法的基本原则和生态补偿法律关系的特殊性加以归纳,或仅仅从财政政策和转移支付制度的特殊性视角加以提炼,观点各异而缺乏统一的法理支撑。生态补偿转移支付具有生态补偿法与财政转移支付法的耦合法属性。耦合法的二元制度特征,以及耦合条件下的一般性与特殊性原理,决定了生态补偿转移支付制度的法律原则同时受到两个法律部门的影响。梳理生态补偿法与财政转移支付法原则的制度实践与理论思辨,生态补偿转移支付法律原则可以从一种耦合法的视角得到归纳:法定原则和生态保护优先原则构成其基本原则;衡平性、效率性、科学性、激励性和透明性构成其适用原则。

Existing researches on legal principles of transfer payments on eco-compensation, are just deduced from single perspective, either the particularity and the basic principles of law on eco-protection or that of fiscal policy and transfer payments system, includes several viewpoints but lacks a unified support in jurisprudence. The system of transfer payments on eco-compensation is a coupling result of eco-compensation law and financial transfer payment law. Binary system features of the coupling law, and the theory of generality and specificity under coupling conditions, determine jointly that the the legal principles of transfer payments on eco-compensation are affected by the two theories of departmental laws simultaneously. Combing theories and practices of eco-compensation law and the legal system of fiscal transfer payment, the legal principles of transfer payments on eco-compensation can be summarized from the perspective of a coupling law： its basic legal principles include the principle of legality and that of priority of eco-protection; and its applicable principles include （1） equilibrium, （2） efficiency, （3） scientificity, （4） incentive, and （5） transparency.