餐饮油烟污染环保执法困境与法律对策研究

Research on Enforcement Dilemma and It's Countermeasures of Applying Environmental Protection Law to Cooking Oil Fume Pollution

现阶段,开展餐饮油烟污染治理已成为大气污染防治行动计划的重要内容,但是,由于餐饮油烟污染具有"小而分散"的特征,致使环保部门的执法工作陷入了困境,表现在行政处罚适用比例低、限期改正效果不佳和行政部门间协调机制不完善。解决餐饮油烟污染环保执法难题需要在法律层面进行制度架构,即建立餐饮企业工商注册登记的环评审批前置制度、重构餐饮油烟污染行政处罚的构成要件和支持公众诉讼解决餐饮油烟污染,做到事前防范与事后监督相结合、行政执法与司法诉讼相结合,以从根本上解决餐饮油烟污染问题。

Managing the cooking fume pollution has become an important part of China＇s Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan now. But it＇s difficult for the environmental department to control the cooking fume pollution because it is ＂small and scattered＂. The problems mainly shown in low percentage of administrative punishment, poor correct effect within time limit, and poor coordination mechanism between administrative departments. To solve these problems fundamentally, we need relevant legislations, making EIA a must for industrial and commercial registration, reconsidering the necessary conditions for administrative penalty, combining prevention with supervision, applying administrative law enforcement together with judicial litigation.