西学引入背景下近代针灸临床思维取向和技术特点

Thinking orientation and technology features of modern clinical acupuncture under background of Western medicine introduction

从临床视角对民国时期针灸文献加以研究,发现在西学引入的背景下,近代针灸临床呈现出中西并用的思维取向,表现为在疾病分类命名、病因病理解说、治疗机理阐释等方面,将中医与解剖、生理、神经、内分泌等近代西学知识杂合并用。在操作层面则呈现出新旧并举的技术特点,表现为在施术前准备方面,或提倡消毒,或推崇古法;在取穴方面,或沿袭传统,或依据神经传导等西学知识而自创新穴;在手法方面,在保留传统的同时创用新手法或提出新要求等。这些取向和特点对现代针灸学术产生了不可忽视的影响。

The acupuncture literature in the period of the Republic of China was studied based on clinical pracnce. Under the background of Western medicine introduction, modern clinical acupuncture has showed a thinking orientation of combining Chinese and Western medicine. In the aspect of disease classification and naming, cause and pathology explanation, and therapeutic mechanism interpretation, Chinese medicine was integrated with modern Western medical knowledge including anatomy, physiology; nervous system and endocrine system. In the aspect of operation, old and new methods were used together including sterilization and ancient methods. In the aspect of acupoint selection, traditional acupoints or self-found ones according to nerve conduction were selected. In the aspect of manipulation, new manipulations were created or new demands were put forward at the same time of preserving traditional ones. These orientation and features have assignable influence on modern acupuncture science.