美欧应对中国崛起:理论、战略和互动

European and U.S. Responses to China's Rise: Theory, Strategy, and Interaction

中国能否实现和平崛起是近年来美欧政界与学界辩论的中心议题之一。不同流派的理论家基于不同理论范式对中国崛起的影响作出不同分析,进而就如何应对中国的崛起提出不同看法和建议。理论辩论影响和引导了美欧应对中国崛起的战略建构,权力、制度、文化、国际社会等因素都体现在美欧的具体战略中。但美国和欧盟作为不同性质的行为体,基于自身价值观和软硬实力的不同,其各自的战略中所体现的诸理论要素的结合并不相同。美欧应对中国崛起的宏观战略目标相似,但应对方式却有着很大不同。近年来在国际形势进一步发生新变化的背景下,美欧应对中国崛起的互动协调明显有所加强,但由于欧盟硬实力不足以及美欧亚洲战略的差异,双方的联动合作仍是有局限性的。中国应支持并推动中美欧三边互动,加强三方协调,这有助于化解美欧的联手施压,并增强中国在国际体系中的影响力。

In recent years, whether China can rise peacefully has been a central topic in the policy-making circles and academia of Europe and the United States. IR theorists of different schools have analyzed this topic through their respective paradigmatic prisms, and offered their suggestions on how to respond to China's rise. Theoretical debates have influenced and even guided the formulation of EU and American strategies on China's rise, as the elements of power, institution, culture and international community are all embedded in their specific strategies and policy responses. However, due to differences in their behavior, values, and soft and hard powers, they differ in the combination of theoretical elements in their strategies. As a result, even though the U.S. and the EU have similar goals regarding China's rise, their approaches are very different. With new changes in the international situation in the past few years, the EU and the U.S. have strengthened their interaction and coordination in their responses to China's rise. But because of insufficient hard power on the part of the EU and the differences in transatlantic Asia strategies, cooperation on their China strategies is still limited. China should support and push for stronger trilateral interaction and coordination, as this will help lessen joint pressure from the two and enhance China's influence in the international system.