急性肾损伤的实验室检测标志物

Biomarkers of acute kidney injury in clinical laboratory

急性肾损伤（AKI）是十分常见且严重的临床问题。血清肌酐（Scr）和尿量仍然是诊断AKI最常用的生物标志物。然而，二者都不是诊断AKI理想的指标。近年来，许多较SCr更具检测潜能的AKI生物标志物在各类实验室和临床得以研究确定。目前新兴的AKI生物标志物中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白、白介素-18、人肾脏损伤分子-1、胱抑素C和肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白在临床上有了一些重要进展。（中华检验医学杂志，2014，37：410-414）

Acute kidney injury （ AKI） is a common and serious clinical problem.Serum creatinine （SCr） and urine output are still used as the most common biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI.However, neither of them is an ideal indicator for diagnosis of AKI.In recent years , a number of potential biomarkers of AKI with more favorable test characteristics than SCr have been identified and studied in a variety of experimental and clinical settings.This review describes the novel biomarkers of AKI , including NGAL , IL-18, KIM-1, Cys C and L-FABP, which have now progressed to the clinical phase.