脂肪摄入量对北京市房山区张坊村中老年人高血糖症发生率的影响

Effects of different fat intakes on morbidity of hyperglycemia of middle aged and elderly people in Zhangfang Village,Fangshan District,Beijing

目的探讨脂肪摄入量对北京市房山区张坊村中老年人高血糖症发生率的关系。方法采用数字表法随机抽取134例中老年村民,按照24 h膳食回顾法调查村民营养摄入情况,计算营养素摄入量及平均每天混合膳食血糖生成指数和血糖负荷。进行人体测量指标测定,包括体质量指数、体脂含量、腰臀比、三头肌皮褶厚度等。应用罗氏血糖仪对既往无糖尿病者进行即刻血糖测定,注明测定血糖时间,如空腹血糖、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖,将空腹血糖高于6.1 mmol/L或餐后1 h血糖高于11.1 mmol/L或餐后2 h血糖高于7.8 mmol/L者,以及既往有糖尿病者,视为高血糖症,其余视为血糖正常,并进行吸烟、饮酒、睡眠情况、活动情况等生活习惯调查。按照脂肪摄入量的中位数,即每日脂肪摄入量为33.8 g作为分界,每日脂肪摄入量大于或等于33.8 g者为相对高脂肪摄入(relatively high fat,RHF)组,小于33.8 g者为相对低脂肪摄入(relatively low fat,RLF)组。对两组人群各项指标进行统计分析。结果北京市房山区张坊村中老年人高血糖症发生率较高,为47.01%(其中,新发高血糖症者为29.1%)。RHF组高血糖症发生率明显高于RLF组。进一步分析显示,RHF组蛋白质、膳食纤维、总能量摄入量及混合膳食血糖负荷明显高于RLF组,而碳水化合物摄入量、混合膳食血糖生成指数、人体测量指标、日常生活习惯等在2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论北京市房山区张坊村中老年村民高血糖症发生率较高,这与脂肪摄入量(而非碳水化合物)的增加,致使能量摄入量增加有关,与人体测量指标及日常生活习惯等无关。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the fat intake and the morbidity of hyperglycemia in middle aged and elderly people in Zhang Fang village, Fang Shan District, Beijing. Methods Totally 134 middle aged and elderly villagers were selected randomly. The diet intake was investigated. Then we calculated the nutrients intake, average mixed dietary glycemic index and mixed dietary glycemic load. We measured the parameters of anthropometry, including body mass index, body fat, waist-hip rate and triceps skin fold, and daily life habit, such as smoking, drinking, sleeping and exercise. The immediate glucose was measured using Roche glucometer, and give clear indication of the measure time, such as fasting blood-glucose, 1-hour glucose or 2-hour glucose. Results of glucose testing were categorized as follow： hyperglycemia including fasting glucose level more than 6. 1 mmol/ L, 1-hour glucose level more than 11. 1 mmol/ L, 2-hour glucose level more than 7. 8 mmol/ L and diagnosed diabetes. The other people’s levels were as in normal glucose. According to the median of fat intake, we separate the villagers into two groups, relatively high fat（RHF） group（fat intake more than 33. 8g per day）, relatively low fat（RLF） group（fat intake less than 33. 8g per day）. Then we analyzed the indexes of the two groups. Results The morbidity of hyperglycemia in this village in aged and elderly people was 47. 01% （the morbidity of new discovery hyperglycemia was 29. 1% ）. The morbidity of hyperglycemia in RHF group was higher than in RLF group significantly. There were no significant differences in carbohydrate intake, mixed dietary glycemic index, the parameters of anthropometry, and daily life habit between the two groups. But the intake of protein, dietary fiber, total energy and mixed dietary glycemic load in RHF group were significantly higher than those in RLF group. Conclusion The morbidity of hyperglycemia of middle aged and elderly people in Zhang Fang Village was in high level. This phenomenon is related to the high fat intake（but not carbohydrate intake） and high total energy intake, and has nothing to do with the parameters of anthropometry, and daily life habit.