寄生蜂在不同农业景观生境中的多样性

Diversity of parasitic wasps in different habitats of agricultural landscape

以福建武夷山的农业景观为背景,于2007年8月-10月在稻田、田埂和毗邻杂草地对寄生蜂进行系统调查和鉴定.结果表明:稻田中有86种寄生蜂,隶属16科;田埂中有113种寄生蜂,隶属18科;毗邻杂草地中有152种寄生蜂,隶属17科.分别采用Rarefaction曲线和多样性三维度量对稻田、田埂及其毗邻杂草地寄生蜂物种多样性进行比较研究.结果表明:田埂和稻田周围杂草地寄生蜂群落的物种丰度、多样性、优势集中度指数均比稻田高,而均匀性指数比稻田低.

Outdoor net-sweeping collections were randomly conducted in different habitats of agricultural landscape, including ricefields, field margins and field-surrounding grasslands, in Wuyishan, Fujian Province from August to October 2007. The collectedparasitic wasps were taxonomically identified and classified based on indoor examination. A total of 86 species of parasitic waspswere obtained from the rice fields, 113 from the field margins, and 152 from the field-surrounding grasslands. Species richness（S）, relative abundance （n） and Pielou＇s evenness （E） were calculated, and presented in rarefaction curves and a three dimen-sion illustration for a comparative study of the community diversity. The numerical values of S, n, E of the parasitic wasps in threehabitats exhibited the field-sttrmunding grasslands 〉 the field margins 〉 the rice fields. This suggests that the non-cropping habitatscan serve as a ＂species pool＂ of natural enemies by providing refuging shelters and alternative hosts while the food is not available inrice fields during the fallow stages of periodical cultivation.