绿盲蝽对不同生长期棉花的刺吸危害特性

Feeding damage characteristics of Apolygus lucorum(Hemiptera:Miridae) to different growth stages of cotton

【目的】近年绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum （Meyer-Dur）对棉花的危害成为农业中热议的话题和重点研究的课题。为更加深入了解此种害虫对棉花各组织的危害特性及量化危害，为早期预测预报提供依据，我们研究了绿盲蝽对棉花不同生长阶段（各组织）早期危害表征与后期成铃情况的关系。【方法】通过大田接虫法研究了绿盲蝽对苗期、蕾期、花期和铃期棉花植株的危害特性。【结果】绿盲蝽危害24h会造成棉花子叶期和2叶期产生无头苗，2叶期后受绿盲蝽危害不会形成无头苗。建立了无头苗率和生长点被害级别的关系模型y=0．1906x-0．0439（1≤x≤5）和棉花苗期（不同叶期）被害10d后的叶片被害指数与刺吸点数和生长点被害级别回归模型：4叶期：y=0．532＋0．202x1＋0．005x2；6叶期：y=-0．063＋0．339x1＋0．002x2；8叶期：y=-0．150＋0．087x1＋0．001x2（0≤x1≤5，1≤x2≤5）。绿盲蝽对蕾和花的刺吸危害没有对后期棉铃的脱落率和大小产生显著影响。10mm和15mm直径棉铃被害后的校正脱落率分别为55．0％和26．60％，而直径大于15mm的棉铃校正脱落率均为0；绿盲蝽的刺吸危害对棉铃的成铃大小无显著影响；建立了幼铃（10mm、10-15mm直径棉铃）刺吸点数和脱落率的回归模型[10mm：y=0．1857x-0．081；10—15mm：y=0．0522x-0．0068（1≤x≤5）]。【结论】结果表明，幼苗阶段，棉花的子叶期和2叶期是受绿盲蝽危害的敏感时期；成株阶段，棉花嫩铃期是受绿盲蝽危害的敏感时期；建立的绿盲蝽刺吸危害的回归模型可用于绿盲蝽危害损失短期预测。因此，应在棉花受害敏感时期对绿盲蝽重点防治，提高防治效率。

[ Aim ] In recent years Apolygus topics and research focus. To more deeply growth stages of cotton, quantify the lucorum （Meyer-Dtir） damage to cotton has become the hot understand the damage characteristics of this pest to different damage , and provide the basis for early forecasting of damage, we examined the relationship of early damage characteristics at different cotton growth stages and late bolls. [ Methods ] The damage characteristics of A. lucorum to different growth stages of cotton were investigated with artificial pest infection method in the field. [ Results ] Piercing-sucking damage for 24 h by A. lucorum at the cotton cotyledon stage and 2-leaf stage could cause headless plants, while no headless plants were observed after 2-leaf stage. Regression model of the rate of headless seedlings with the damage degree of cotton growing point （y =0. 1906x -0.0439, 1 ≤x≤5）, and regression models of the damaged leaf index with the damage degree of cotton growing point and the number of piercing points at 4- leaf stage （y =0.532 ＋0. 202x1 ＋0. 005x2, 0≤x1≤5, 1 ≤x2 ≤5）, 6-leaf stage （y = -0.063 ＋0.339 x1 ＋0.002x2, 0≤x1≤5, 1 ≤x2 ≤5） and 8-leaf stage （y = -0. 150 ＋0.087x1 ＋0.001x2, 0≤x1 ≤5, 1 ≤x2≤5） were built respectively. Damage of A. lucorum to cotton at the budding and flowering stages had no significant effects on the abscission rates and sizes of late boils. Damage of A. lucorum to the young cotton bolls with diameter less than 10 mm and 15 mm caused the corrected abscission rates of 55.0% and 26.6%, respectively, while the abscission rates of bolls with more than 15 mm diameterwere 0. Sizes of mature bolls were not significantly influenced by A. lucorum damage. Regression models of the abscission rates of cotton bolls with 10 mm diameter （ y = 0. 1557x - 0. 081, 1 ≤x ≤5 ） and 10 - 15 mm diameter （ y = 0. 0522x - 0. 0068, 1≤ x ≤ 5 ） with piercing points were built respectively. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that cotton at the cotyledon stage, 2-leaf stage and young boll stage are very sensitive to the damage of A. lucorum. The regression model of piercing-sucking damage could be used in short-term forecasting for damage loss of A. lucorum. Key periods of cotton plants sensitive to damage of A. lucorum should be selected to promote the control efficiency.