内部发行外国戏剧的考据与研究

Textual Research on the Foreign Plays Published Restrictedly

在"文革"及其前后的一段时间中,中国内部发行了一定数量的外国戏剧:"文革"前31部,"文革"期间55部,"文革"之后28部,共为114部。这些禁书是精心挑选的、翻译质量上乘的作品,尽管在官方看来它们是"毒草",但对不少普通读者来说它们充满诱惑力,是那个年代的最重要的启蒙读物,有人甚至为了读这样的书而献出了宝贵的生命。47部苏联戏剧对斯大林的个人崇拜和不少社会问题进行了批评,并探讨了各种改革的可能性,被看作否定社会主义的修正主义著作。以美国和日本为主要代表的资本主义国家的戏剧大都从不同的程度上对资本主义社会做了一定的批评,但以当时的标准看,都是反动的,因为没有从根本上否定资本主义制度。"文革"前内部发行的外国戏剧,艺术性较强,学者对剧本的评价虽然已经受到极"左"思想的影响,但还有一定的合理性;"文革"时期的外国戏剧,基本上是当时在国外最流行的作品,大都还没有经过时间的淘汰,对作品的评价基本上是简单化的批判;"文革"后的内部发行的作品,受政治干扰的成分明显减少,评价逐步趋向合理。

Before , during and after the “Cultural Revolution”, 114 foreign plays were published restrictedly：31 before the revolution , 55 during the revolution and 28 after the revolution .These forbidden books , elaborately chosen and well translated , were treated as “poisonous herbs” by the authorities;but common readers regarded them as the most attractive and enlightening reading materials, and some people even sacrificed their lives for reading .47 Russian plays, mainly dealing with Stalin’ s personality cult , social problems and reforms , were considered as revisionist works against socialism .Capitalist plays , represented by American and Japanese plays , criticized capitalist society to different degrees , but they were reactionary for not suggesting overthrowing the capitalist system . As the plays translated before the “Cultural Revolution” were mostly of strong artistic qualities , the evaluations of scholars were rather reasonable although they had already been influenced by far -left ideas.During the “Cultural Revolution”, translators only chose popular foreign plays without the test of time , and the criticism was usually negatively oversimplified .After that period , the political interference in translation began to decrease , and the criticism became more rational .