原油电脱盐脱水技术发展现状与展望

Development of Crude Oil Electric Desalting and Dehydration Technologies and Prospects

由于石油资源需求的不断增长和原油开采力度的加大,国内外原油重质化、劣质化趋势日益加剧,加上炼制原油品种的频繁更换,给炼厂原油电脱盐脱水装置带来很大的冲击。原油电脱盐脱水作为最主要的原油预处理技术,其效果好坏将直接决定炼厂后续加工装置的安全、高效、长周期运转。综述了目前原油电脱盐脱水的主要设备,包括原油电脱盐罐、罐内主要电极形式、供电系统和其他辅助设备。在此基础上,介绍了几种电脱盐脱水新技术,并对各钟技术的主要特点及存在问题进行了分析,最后对原油电脱盐脱水技术的未来发展方向给予了展望。

Due to the increasing demand for petroleum resources and increasing exploration capability and production as well as crude oil becoming increasingly heavier and inferior both in China abroad, the refiners have to frequently change their crude oil varieties, which will have a great impact on electric desahing and dehydration units. The crude oil electric desahing and dehydration is the main crude oil pretreatment process, whose operation performances will have a direct impact on the safe, high -efficiency long - term operation of the downstream process units in the refinery. The main equipment for crude oil electric desalting and dehydration are introduced, including the electric desalting drums, types of electrodes, power supply systems and other auxiliary equipment. Some new processes and technologies of electric desalting are discussed and their technical characteristics are analyzed. The future development orientation of crude oil electric desalting and dehydration technologies are prospected.