海岛矿区岩质边坡植物群落演替中物种多样性的变化

Changes in biodiversity during the succession of plant communities on the rocky slopes of mine in islands

通过植物群落调查,采用Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数,结合DCA排序和一元线性回归分析,考察了舟山海岛矿区岩质边坡植物物种构成特征,研究了植物群落演替过程中生物多样性的变化。结果表明:研究区可划分为3个植物群落演替阶段(草本植物群落阶段、灌丛群落阶段和灌乔群落阶段);演替过程中,物种丰富度指数显著上升,多样性指数和优势度指数逐渐升高;具有矿区特殊生境适应性的植物配置在边坡植被恢复进程中与自然植被表现出一定的差异,演替过程依次为迁入物种生长期、迁入物种与人工导入种竞争期、迁入物种与人工导入种稳定共存期;人工导入群落演替后期的植物种大大加速了群落演替进程;合理的植物配置更能促进群落向正演替方向发展。

This paper studied the changes in biodiversity during community succession process using various diversity indexes combined with DCA ordination and monadic linear regression analysis,based on the investigation of plant communities on the rocky slopes of mine in Zhoushan Island. The results showed that the succession processes were divided into three stages,i. e.,herbaceous stage,shrub stage,and shrub-tree stage,respectively. With the development of succession,species richness increased significantly,and the diversity and dominance indices also went up. Meanwhile,the succession process of artificial communities was different from that of natural communities. On the recovered slopes,succession series included the growth stage of natural immigrants,the competition stage with designed plants,and the stable state where the immigrants coexist with the designed plants. It was obvious that introducing adaptive woody species would shorten the period of succession in the mining area. Our study suggested that reasonable mixtures of species were able to enhance the positive succession during artificial vegetation restoration.