不同覆盖方式对土壤肥力和番茄产量及品质的影响

Effects of different mulching methods on soil fertility and the yield and quality of tomato

以塑料薄膜大棚为栽培设施,以番茄品种‘中研988’和‘粉贝三号’为植物材料,设置不覆盖(对照)、地膜覆盖、稻草覆盖、地膜上覆盖稻草(稻草/地膜)、地膜下覆盖稻草(地膜/稻草)5个处理,研究不同地面覆盖对土壤肥力及番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:不同覆盖方式均可增加表层土壤的含水量,稻草覆盖使表层土壤温度降低,而地膜覆盖和地膜/稻草覆盖使表层土壤温度升高;同一土层,地膜/稻草覆盖下土壤有机质含量和土壤速效养分含量显著高于其他处理,随着土层加深,各处理下土壤的速效养分含量均呈下降趋势;地膜/稻草覆盖下番茄果实产量最高、品质最好。综上可知,地面覆盖可以改善土壤肥力状况,提高番茄果实产量和品质,在不同覆盖方式中,以地面覆盖稻草后再覆盖地膜的效果最好。

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mulching methods on soil fertility and the yield and quality of tomato. Two tomato varieties ‘Zhongyan 988＇and ‘Fenbei3＇were grown in a plastic greenhouse,and five treatments of mulching methods were used including 1） control where no mulching was used; 2） plastic film mulching; 3） straw mulching; 4）straw mulching on plastic film（ straw /film）; and 5） plastic film on straw mulching（ film /straw）. Soil fertility and tomato yield and quality were compared between the four treatments of mulching and the control. The results showed that all mulching methods increased the moisture content in the surface soil. Straw mulching reduced the soil surface temperature,while plastic film mulching and film /straw mulching increased the temperature of soil surface. At the same depth,soil organic matter and available nutrient contents were significantly higher under the film /straw mulching than in the other treatments. The available soil nutrient contents under the different treatments all decreased with soil depth. The yield of tomato fruit was the highest and the quality of tomato fruit was best with the film /straw mulching. In conclusion,ground mulching can improve the soil fertility,and improve the yield and quality of tomato fruit; among the different mulching methods,plastic film mulching on straw was the optimal one.