北京地区职业人群情绪状态及生存质量对比研究

Comparative study on emotion status and quality of life among different occupational groups in Beijing

目的对北京地区不同职业人群的情绪状态以及生存质量进行对比分析，以期找到其共性及差异，为保障职业人群的精神卫生及生活质量提供建议。方法采用抑郁自评量表（CES-D）、世界卫生组织生存质量简表（WHOQOL—BREF）以及个人情况记录表，对国企工人、公司职员以及农民工3个群体进行抽样问卷调查。结果国企工人、公司职员及农民工的CES．D均分分别为15．5±9．4，11．8±8．3，8．3±7．4，差异有统计学意义（F=65．91，P〈0．01）；以CES-D得分≥16分为抑郁划分标准，3个群体中抑郁组生存质量皆显著低于非抑郁组（t=2．62～10．70，P〈0．01）；农民工在生存质量总评、健康状况总评以及生存质量各领域得分方面得分均高于国企工人及公司职员，国企工人得分最低，差异均有统计学意义（F=33．33～2365．64，P〈0．01）。结论北京地区农民工及公司职员情绪状态及生存质量较好，国企工人抑郁症状罹患率较高，生存质量评价偏低。抑郁症状对生存质量有负性影响作用，相关部门应针对不同人群特征采取相应措施。

[ Objective] To analyze the emotion status and quality of life among different occupational grups in Beijing, find the commonness and differences, and give advices for the maintenance of mental health and living quality. [ Methods ] State owned enterprise [ SOE） workers, company employees and migrant workers were randomly sampled to receive questionnaire survey consisted of Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression （ CES-D）, World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF { WHOQOL-BREF } and personal information form. [ Results ] ] Mean scores of CES-D in SOE workers, company employees and migrant workers were 15.5 ±9.4, 11.8 ±8.3, 8.3 ±7.4 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant（ F =65.91, P 〈0.01 ）. Quality of life scores of respondents in depression group （ CES-D ≥ 16 ） were remarkably lower than those in non-depression group among all three groups （t =-2.62 -10.70, P 〈 0.01 ）. Migrant workers exhibited higher scores than SOE workers and company employees in overall quality of life, general health and all domain scores of WHOQOL-BREF, SOE workers showed lowest scores in all aspects. The differences were all statistically significant （ F = 33.33 - 2365.64, P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] Migrant workers and company employees show favorable emotion status and quality of life, while SOE workers suffer from a higher rate of depressive state and poor assessment of quality of life. Depressive emotions exert negative effects on quality of life in occupational groups. Relevant departments should take corresponding measures based on varied characteristics of occupational groups.