相对论电子的物理效应及其在高能天体中的应用

The Physical Effects of Relativistic Electrons and their Applications for High -energy Objects

本文对相对论电子的辐射性质、能谱演化和加速机制等进行了简要的介绍。同时 ,对相对论电子在高能天体中的辐射作用和特性进行了简要的综述。本文给出了相对论电子在Blazar天体的射电辐射机制、光变机制、BLLac天体的辐射机制以及γ暴的辐射机制等方面的应用研究成果。1、提出了相对论电子的光学薄同步辐射模型 :解释Blazar天体的射电平谱 :Blazar中心天体的剧烈活动 ,使射电辐射区处于等离子体湍动状态 ,其中的相对论电子在湍动等离子体波的二次费米加速、激波加速、辐射损失、粒子逃逸和辐射区的绝热减速等物理过程作用下 ,形成较平的能谱 ,产生射电平谱。2、提出了新的Blazar天体光变模型 :当Blazar天体爆发时 ,中心天体产生大量的相对论电子 ,注入喷流中 ;相对论电子产生同步辐射 ,并不断损失能量和逃逸辐射区 ,使它们的能谱快速变化 ,引起辐射发生快速光变。3、给出了BLLac天体的等离子体反应堆模型 :大量相对论电子从中心天体注入周围的等离子体反应堆中 ,通过同步辐射快速损失能量 ,同时这些电子同步吸收反应堆中不透明的光子 ,产生一个稳定、各向同性的幂律分布 ,其谱指数为γ =3;然后 ,这些相对论电子通过等离子体反应堆的爆发或其表面扩散过程逃逸出来 ,辐射低频的同步辐射。模型解释了BLLac?

Inthepresentpaper,theemissiveproperties,energyspectralevolutionsandacceleration mechanismsofrelativisticelectronsareintroduced .Therolesofrelativisticelectronsontheradia tionpropertiesofhigh -energyobjectsarebrieflydiscussed .Basedonthephysicaleffectsofrela tivisticelectrons ,itisstudiedfortheemissivemechanismsoftheradioradationandspectralvari abilityofblazars ,theemissivemechanismofBLLacobjectsandgamma-raybursts.Themainre sultsare : 1 .Anopticallythinsynchrotronemissionmodelbasedonevolutionaryrelativisticelectron spectraisdevelopedtoexplainradioflatspectraofblazars.Thebasicphysicalprocessesofrela tivisticelectronspectrumevolutionforsynchrotronemissionaresecond -orderFermiaccelerationof turbulentplasmawaves,Fermiaccelerationofshockwaves,radiationlosses,particleescape,and adiabaticdecelerationinaflowofsynchrotronplasma .Theseprocessescausetherelativisticelec tronspectrumtobeflatandtoproducethesynchrotronradiationwithflatspectruminradiofrequen cies. 2 .Theevolutionoftherelativisticelectronspectruminahomogeneousjetduetotheinjection offreshrelativisticelectrons,radiationlosses,andparticleescapeisconsideredandappliedtothe interpretationofthespectralvariabilityofblazarsathighfrequencies.Theseprocessescausethe fastvariabilityofrelativisticelectronspectraandproducethespectralvariabilityofblazarradiations athighfrequencies. 3.AplasmareactormodelisexaminedforaunifiedinterpretationoftheradiationofBLLac objects .Thebasicphysicalscenarioisasfollows:alargenumberofrelativisticelectronsareeject edbythecentralengineintotheplasmareactorwhichsurroundsthecentralcore ,andtheirenergy rapidlylosebysynchrotronradiation .Meanwhile ,theseelectronsareacceleratedbyabsorbingsyn chrotronradiationwhichisnottransparentsintheplasmareactorandsetupasteadyandisotropic powerlawdistributionwithspectralindexγ =3.0 .Thentheyemergethroughsurfacediffusionor outburstoftheplasmareactorandgeneratelow -frequencysynchrotronradiation .Themodelisap pliedtoexplainthespectralpropertiesofBLLacobjects,thatis,arapidspectralsteepingasthe fluxdecreases. 4 .Aninternalshockwavemodelisexaminedtoexplainthespectraandtimestructuresofthe pulseingamma-raybursts.Thebasicphysicalscenariois:twointernalshockwavesareformedintherelativisticshellcausedbyoutbustoftheoriginalobjects.Theshockspropogateintherela tivisticshellandexhaustitsmotionenergy,andacceleratesomeelectronstoberelativisticelec trons ,thentheseelectronsproducetheobservedgamma -rayradiationthroughsynchrotronemis sion .Themodelsuggeststhatthesimplegamma-rayburstsareassociatedwithsingleshockemis sionepisodes,andthecomplexgamma -rayburstsmightresultfromthesuperpositionofthecom ponentswhichoriginatefromtheshocksformingatdifferentshellregion .