青藏铁路客城区段风沙流特点及沙害防治措施的研究

Research on characteristics of wind-sand fluid and sandy disaster reduction at Kecheng(K_(454-459)) section along Qing-Zang Railway

青藏线哈（尔盖）－格（尔木）段位于青藏高原，横穿柴达木沙漠，集沙漠特征与高原气候于一体。不少地段曾因沙害造成行车中断和机车掉道等事故，其中以客城最为突出．在以往相关研究的文献中，确定主风向是以风的频率为主．但在以防止沙子上道为主要目标的铁路防沙中，本文提出的以输沙量为依据所确定的主风向，能为防沙措施提供更为合理的依据．在该段铁路防沙中，采用了竹片栅栏与碎石方格相结合的阻、固措施，其中碎石方格系在铁路防沙中首次使用．经过观测，证实阻沙措施降低了风速；固沙措施增加了地面的粗糙度，大大减少了输沙量，为植物的生长创造了有利条件。在该地采用碎石方格固沙既有使用寿命长，又有取材方便的优点．自防沙工程竣工以来取得了明显的经济效益，同时减轻了工人的劳动强度，确保了该段行车安全．

Railway section from Hargei to Germu lies in Qing-Zang Plateau crosses Caidamu desert, with desert feature and plateau climate. Accident of interrupting and derailment had once happened in some sections because of wind-sand calamity, especially at Kecheng section. In the past literature, the main wind direction was defined by the frequency of wind, but the authors found that it is reliable to ascertain main wind direction in terms of transported sand amount in controlling shifting sand for railway safety. In order to control mobile sand along railway at Kecheng section, we used integrated measures combining sand obstruction and sand fixation using bamboo fence and broken stone-checker as windbreak which was put into practice firstly in mobile sand-control along railway. The observation results showed that the obstruction-sand measure reduced velocity of wind greatly, the fixing-sand measures increased roughness of earth surface, and thus shifting sand were decreased, which created a favorable condition for plant growth. Sand fixation using broken stone checker had a good durability. At the same time, the raw material could be facile and cheap. Large economic benefits were obtained since controlling-sand measure has been adopted. The workers' labor intensity also had largely been decreased, all of those would insure the railway smooth.