小儿肺炎支原体抗体检测结果分析

Retrospective analysis on the measurement results of antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants and children

目的获得本地区小儿肺炎支原体感染的血清流行病学资料。方法用被动凝集法检测2010-2012年我院门诊或住院就诊的呼吸道感染小儿的血清肺炎支原体抗体,计算各组的抗体阳性率,分析不同性别、年龄、季节以及不同临床诊断间的阳性率差异等。结果共收集患儿血清标本14 037份,其中2 431份（17.3%）肺炎支原体抗体阳性;女性患儿阳性率20.0%（1 156/5 782）,高于男性患儿阳性率15.4%（1 275/8 255）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=49.116,P〈0.05）;按年龄分为4组,阳性率从高到低依次为6-14岁组24.6%（1 687/6 849）,3~5岁组15.0%（325/2 161）和1~2岁组12.6%（286/2 277）,〈1岁组4.8%（133/2 750）,4个年龄组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=598.85,P〈0.005）;4个季度的阳性率分别为：第四季度20.6%（677/3 287）,第三季度19.3%（670/3 475）,第一季度18.5%（646/3 492）,第二季度11.6%（438/3 783）,4个季度间差异有统计学意义（χ2=124.463,P〈0.005）;分别分析各年龄组在4个季度间的阳性率差异,同样有统计学意义（P值均〈0.005）,1-2岁组、3-5岁组和6-14岁组在第二季度的阳性率均最低,〈1岁组在第一季度的阳性率最高;不同临床诊断组间肺炎支原体抗体阳性率的差异也有统计学意义（χ^2=365.02,P〈0.005）,最高为支气管肺炎组24.3%（1 272/5 227）,最低为疱疹性咽峡炎组8.8%（84/956）。结论本地区呼吸道感染患儿中,肺炎支原体抗体阳性率女性高于男性,在14岁以前随年龄增长阳性率会增高,不同年龄段小儿的高发季节会有所不同,诊断为支气管肺炎的患儿抗体阳性率最高。

Objective To procure the seroepidemiologic of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Methods Passive particle agglutination assay was used to detect serum antibodies against mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants and children who went to see a doctor in years between 2010and 2012.The seroepidemiologic dates was analyzed,including positive rates in whole subjects,in male or female groups,in different seasons or age groups as well as different clinical diagnosis.Results In 14 037serum samples,2 431（17.3%）had positive results;The positive rate in female was 20.0%（1 156/5 782）,higher than 15.4%（1275/8 255）in male（χ^2=49.116,P〈0.05）;The positive rate in 6-14years old was 24.6%（1 687/6 849）,which was the highest,and then that in 3-5years old was 15.0%（325/2 161）,in 1-2years old was 12.6%（286/2 277）,and in 25days old to 1year old was 4.8%（133/2 750）,which was the lowest.The positive rate in the fourth quarter was 20.6%（677/3 287）,and that of the third quarter was 19.3%（670/3 475）,of the first quarter was 18.5%（646/3 492）,and of the second quarter was 11.6%（438/3 783）.The peak season was different in the four different age-groups.The highest positive rate in different clinical diagnosis was bronchopneumonia-group with 24.3%（1 272/5 227）,and the lowest was herpangina-group with 8.8%（84/956）.Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae positive rate measured by the antibodies in serum of female children is higher than that of male children,and the positive rate will be higher and higher with children growing.The peak season is different in various years-old children.The positive rate of antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae is highest in the children who are diagnosed as bronchopneumonia.