农户兼业会影响粮食生产吗——基于江汉平原粮食主产区400户粮农的调查

Can Famer's Part-time Work Affect Food Security?Based on the Survey of 400 Farmers in the Major Grain Producing Areas of Jianghan Plain

基于江汉平原粮食主产区400户粮农的调查资料,通过对兼业户与纯农业户的比较分析,从粮农家庭视角出发考察了农户兼业行为选择的合理性及其对粮食生产的影响。在利用Oacaxa-Blinder模型对家庭特征及其他影响因素的贡献率进行分解、分析后,结果表明:兼业户由于对家庭劳动力进行了优化配置,相比纯农业户具有更高的生产效率,兼业户的家庭收入与粮食亩产水平都要高于纯农业户。因此,对江汉平原粮食主产区来说,城镇化的加速发展与农业规模经营的实现,须建立在纯农业户的收入水平大幅提高与进城农民待遇得到根本改善的基础之上,任何人为地将农民家庭驱向城市,导致农民家庭"被市民化"的政策,以及盲目集中土地,粮食生产"被规模化"的行为,短期内既不利于粮农家庭收入最大化目标的实现,也不利于粮食安全。

Based on the survey of 400 Farmers who live in the major grain producing areas of Jianghan Plain, through comparative analysis of concurrent and pure agriculture households, this article investigate the rationality of farmers＇ choosing part -time work and its impact on food security from the perspective of households. After using Oacaxa - Blinder decomposition model to eliminate the contribution rate of families＇ characteristics and other factors, the results show that： part - time work is farmers＇ rational choice for maximal income. Because concurrent family optimized the allocation of labor resources, concurrent family has higher productive efficiency. Concurrent families＇ income and grain yield of per unit was significantly higher than that of pure agriculture households. Therefore, for major grain - producing areas of Jianghan Plain. It＇ s difficult to accelerate the urbanization and to realize agricultural scale operation if not the increases of agriculture households＇ income and the improvement of the city farmers＇ life conditions. At the same time , it is neither good for the family income maximization, nor food security for any policy aiming to drive peasants to the city and policies putting land into economical scale aimlessly.