基于生态足迹成分法的海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究

Research on Ecological Compensation Standard of Island Tourist Destination Based on Component Method of Ecological Footprint

生态补偿标准是生态补偿研究的核心问题,但目前有关旅游生态补偿的研究成果较少。本文以旅游生态补偿相关理论(交通、住宿、餐饮、游览、娱乐、购物和废弃物等旅游过程,对旅游目的地及其外部区域的生态系统服务产生负外部性影响)为基础,运用生态足迹成分法(自下而上方法),构建了5类(渔家乐旅游)生态足迹模型,以此为基础,确立了(渔家乐旅游)生态补偿标准评价模型;并以山东省长岛县渔家乐为案例,以2011年为评价基准年份,进行了海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究。结果表明:①长岛县渔家乐每位游客每天的生态足迹为0.008 676 hm2,每位游客每天需承担的生态补偿标准为15.97元,其中承担养殖海域的生态补偿标准为10.53元;②13个村渔家乐游客对海产品的消耗量均较大,各村生态足迹(水域)占总生态足迹的比例最低值为57.07%,各村渔家乐每位游客每天承担养殖海域的生态补偿标准最低值为5.02元;③北长山乡的店子村等4个村和南长山镇的黑石嘴村等3个村渔家乐的户均生态足迹较大,其每位游客每天承担的生态补偿标准额度也较大;④非山东游客比例、散客游客比例、停留2天及以上游客比例、电话或网络预定游客比例和每位游客每天给渔家乐带来的收入等,是渔家乐旅游生态补偿标准的主要影响因素。研究提出:养殖海域是优先考虑的生态补偿对象;依据渔家乐的不同收费标准,有差异的向游客征收生态补偿费用,将其用于养殖海域生态环境的治理和恢复。

The determination of ecological compensation standard （ECS） is a key problem in the research of ecological compensation. But now the research of tourism ecological compensation was rarely related. Based on the related theories of tourism ecological compensation （ the tourism processes including transportation, accommodation, catering, activities, entertainment, shopping and tourism waste which would produce negative external effects on the ecological services of the tourist destination and its outer area）. Five types of ecological footprint （EF） models of fishery household tourism （FHT） were constructed by using component method （or bottom up）. And then the FHT＇ s evaluation models of ECS were established. Finally, ECS of island tourist destination was calculated based on case of FHT of Changdao County in the base year 2011. The result reveals that： （1）The FHT＇ s EF in Changdao County is 0. 008 676 hm2 per tourist per day. One tourist undertook 15.97 RMB of ECS pe.r day. The aquaculture sea area＇ s ECS of them was 10. 53 RMB. （2） Seafood was consumed very much by FHT in 13 villages of Changdao County and the lowest EF of seafood consumption is 57.07% of the total EF. Tourists of the villages undertook the lowest ECS is 5.02 RMB per tourist per day. （3）The average household of IFHT＇ s EF was large relatively in 4 villages （ such as Dianzi Village） of Beichangshan Township and 3 villages （ such as Heishizhui Village） of Nanchangshan Town. Tourists of these villages undertook more ECS than others per tourist per day. （4）The main influence factors on FHT of the ECS,were the proportion of non Shandong tourists, independent tourists, two-day stay or longer stay, booking via phone or online, and net income from FHT per tourist per day. The study shewed that the aquaculture sea area was the priority of the ecological compensation object. Tourists were imposed the difference of ecological compensation fees according to different charging standards of FHT. Fees were used to the ecological environment control and restoration of aquaculture sea area.