西汉社会转型与元平时期乐府演进

Social Transformation of Western Han and the Evolution of Yuefu Poetry during the Yuanping Period(74 BC)

元平时期,社会政治文化由霸王道杂用、高尚君权向纯任德教、不知所守转变;由杂霸王道术、维护皇权独尊,向任用俗儒、崇尚复古转化。受此影响,乐府采诗活动延续,对保存民间歌谣有重要作用;而郊庙表演受郊议庙议影响,郊庙歌诗创作亦显消沉;乐府活动由宣帝时期偏向维护皇权独尊和政治稳定,向偏重服务统治者的娱乐享受转化,推助了整个社会的乐舞享乐风气。此期民歌民谣多批判社会政治问题,反映了汉帝国大厦将倾之际国民痛苦无依的心理状态;此期的杂言与五言歌谣在句式运用、意象使用和抒情表达模式上为后世诗歌积累了经验,在中国诗史上有重要意义。

The Yuanping period saw a transformation from the previous combination of the Hegemonic Way and the Kingly Way （rule of virtue） to moralization only, not knowing exactly what was to defend and sustain. Meanwhile, Confucian scholars filled government posts, who were keen on restoring the ancient way. Influenced by this transformation, the government-led collection of poetry continued, which was vital for preserving folk songs of the era. Temple poetry of this period, however, exhibited an ever depressing tone as a result of widespread political gossiping in and around the temple. Overall, previous efforts to sustain the imperial rule and social stability gave way to promotion of entertainment by way of dance and music. Thus it was left to folk songs as the sole critic of society and politics. As a special case, Xifugong, author of a government background, composed Juemingci, which displays a sharply-felt helplessness and pain upon seeing the pending collapse of the Han Empire. In terms of technique, folk poetry of this period also display a number of features, e greatly enriched poetic g. , in sentence structuring, image selection, and expressive modes, etc. which has creation, and is thus of special significance in the history of Chinese poetry.