“修辞立其诚”的言语行为限制

Restrictions of Speech Act for “Rhetorical Sincerity”

汉语修辞学史上的著名命题"修辞立其诚"提出了集"真、善、美"为一体的修辞理想,但是作为学术研究,我们还应该从言语行为的全过程去追问"修辞"为何难以"立其诚"。本文探讨了影响修辞之诚的种种言语行为要素构成的形义扭曲关系:1.言语形式本身构成的形义扭曲关系;2.发话主体的交际意图构成的形义扭曲关系;3.接受主体的解码心理构成的形义扭曲关系;4.不同语境系联构成的形义扭曲关系。我们只有在明晓了修辞的种种行为限制之后才有可能无限地接近或者捕捉到修辞之"诚"。

The famous proposition in the history of Chinese Rhetoric ＂ rhetoric to establish its sincerity＂ - proposed a rhetorical ideal that combines ＂truth, goodness and beauty＂. But meanwhile, we should ask why it is difficult to establish the ＂rhetorical sincerity. ＂ This article explores all kinds of elements from the speech act which influence rhetorical sincerity： first, the skewed relations between the verbal form and its meaning; second, the skewed relations between the form and its meaning deriving from the speaker＇s communicative intention; thirdly, the skewed relations between the form and its meaning resulting from the decoding psychology of the hearer; and fourthly, the skewed relations between the form and its meaning resulting from different contexts. Only when we have explored the various restrictions of the speech act, is it possible for us to approach the rhetorical sincerity.