中国动态比较优势增进的可持续性研究——基于企业家资源拓展的视角

The Sustainability of China's Dynamic Comparative Advantage Enhancement:From the Perspective of Entrepreneur Resources Development

依靠深化体制改革而激活企业家潜能是转型时期中国动态比较优势增进的捷径,但经济效率的提升是该"捷径"在经济全球化时代可持续通行的重要前提。通过剖析经济效率在微观、宏观、综合三个层次的内涵并进行计量分析后发现,以动力、能力增进为特征的企业家资源拓展可显著提升生产、动态、配置三个维度的效率,由此导致的三类协同,即企业家创新与技术创新的协同,企业家创新与创业的协同,微观生产效率与宏观动态效率的协同,是上述"可持续性"形成的重要驱动源,而不断深化以市场化为取向的经济体制改革,则能有效降低交易费用,为促进中国动态比较优势的持续增进提供制度保障。

Abstract： During China＇s transition period, by deepening the economic structural reform, the activation of entrepreneurs＇ potential would be a shortcut for the enhancement of China＇s dynamic comparative advantage. However, in the era of economic globalization, only if the passage of the ＂shortcut＂ mentioned above is sustainable, China would better participate in international division of labor, and realize the long-term objective of economic development. This requires the enhancement of comparative advantage should be in line with economic efficiency to withstand the test of economic efficiency. After analyzing the three connotations of economic efficiency in macro, micro and integrate levels, some econometric analysis finds that, the entrepreneur resources development featured in their own ability and motivation improvement would remarkably promote the economic efficiency with three dimensions： production efficiency,dynamic efficiency and allocation efficiency. The following enlightenments are also found： （1） Since entrepreneurs can improve the goodness of fit between technology innovation and market demand, and effectively grasp the equilibrium point between advanced technology and appropriate cost based on their innovation of combining all production factors, not only would entrepreneur innovation not fully replace the innovation of technical, hut it can lead to interactive coordination between the two kinds of innovations by harnessing and promoting technology innovation, hence make economic efficiency improved. （2） Though technology innovation can promote the economic growth, it would also lead to production surplus, causing involuntary unemployment, ete, and bring about contradiction between micro production efficiency and macro dynamic efficiency. This is a challenge for all developed countries in the present economic development, and also a major frontier for academia to study. Development of entrepreneur resources can lead to an increase of business establishment, and the policy support from government would enhance driving force and capacity to establish small and micro businesses, which is an effective way of resolving the contradiction. Therefore, the development of entrepreneur resources who value the coordination between innovation and entrepreneurship is a major premise for enhancing the economic dynamic efficiency, and is also a necessary condition for improving convergence of efficiency in the macro and micro levels. （3） Introducing the economic dynamic efficiency into the analysis framework would break through the set pattern of allocation efficiency in traditional study which is confined to spatial dimension, and expand the connotation of allocation efficiency to time dimension. Based on it, the study of dynamic comparative advantage with the characteristic of deepening labor division could be placed in the real world, and its reality explanation is increasing. In the process of market size expansion caused by deepening specialization, space-time for entrepreneur allocating production factors is bound to expand, so that entrepreneur＇s performance in ＂learning by doing＂ and their business ability would improve, then the allocation efficiency would be enhanced. Hence, the development of entrepreneur resources which results in the improvement of allocation efficiency would make spiral, endogenous and positive interaction with the expansion of market extent, so as to improve the sustainable promotion of dynamic comparative advantage. （4） Expansion of market size would be accompanied with an increase of trade cost. The only way of reducing trade cost is to deepen the market-oriented reform to dissolve the barriers of economic system. This can provide a useful institutional guarantee for China＇s sustainable improvement of dynamic comparative advantage. The institutional barriers would be dissolved from the following two aspects： on the one hand, establishing and perfecting the market system would stimulate the endogenous driving force and vitality of entrepreneur to establish business and make innovation; on the other hand, perfecting morality, law and property rights protection system could regularize the conduct of market main body, make all the participants have more clear expectation, so as to promote the social trade efficiency remarkably.