民族与阶级:我国处理民族问题的政治策略

Nation and Class:Political Strategies for Handling Ethnic Issues in China

民族和民族主义始终是建构现代国家必须面对的政治问题。民族与民族主义像是双刃剑,既是一种有效的政治动员工具,同时也蕴含着政治分裂的因子。近代以来,民族与民族主义问题深嵌于构建现代中国的历史进程,并将继续深刻影响中国构建现代国家的各方面。在构建现代中国的进程中,民族与民族主义既是整合的动员力量,也是需要审慎面对的冲突之源。本文将以新疆为案例从"权力集中"和"权力渗透"两个面向展现1949年至1966年中国整合边境少数民族地区的历史故事,回顾具有社会革命经验的政权通过民族—阶级组合策略整合境内的少数民族地区的过程,讨论整合策略的结构特征。本文还试图揭示在社会主义运动背景下的现代国家构建中处理民族与民族主义的政治逻辑,并尝试探讨其历史合理性和调整的必然性。

Nation and nationalism are always the political issues that loom large in the process of modern state construction. The combined system is a double-edged sword-- it is at the same time an effective tool for political mobilization and an implicit catalyst for political secession. Since modern times,issues about nation and nationalism have been deeply embedded in the process of China's modernization and will continue to impact this process in the future. So far in the process,nation and nationalism have served as the mobilizing power of integration,but they have also been the roots of conflict that need to be dealt with cautiously. In this paper,the author chooses Xinjiang as a case in point to describe how the Chinese government integrated the ethnic minorities on border regions through'power centralization'and'power penetration'from 1949 to 1966,and how the re-gime,with all its experiences in social revolution,used nation-class alignment as a strategy to impose ethnic integrity. The author attempts to reveal the political logic behind the handling of national issues in modern state construction against the background of social revolutions,its historical rationality and its need for some readjustment.