当代新乡村建设运动的实践总结及反思——以开封10年经验为例

Contemporary New Rural Construction Movement:Summary and Reflection Based on Ten Years of Experience in Kaifeng

本文从"事"、"理"、"道"的不同层面,阐释了由当代知识分子参与的、在豫东农业大市开封长达10年间所发生的新乡村建设运动。首先,通过追溯开封10年新乡村建设试验的主要事件,阐述"多元一体"力量参与的农民自助合作与城乡互助合作的过程,乡土文化复兴运动的内容和方法革新以及范围的扩展延伸等。接着,以改革开放以来地方工业化的"成本转嫁机制"导致"三农"问题之"反题",当代新乡村建设运动的内在基础、外部条件和"乡土性与综合性"的经验特点之"正题",以及在结构化反向与正向的博弈中,试验只能是"运动的"而非"制度的"之"合题",阐释了当代新乡村建设运动的社会结构之"理"。最后,通过对20世纪乡村建设运动的历史追溯,阐述了新乡村建设运动的根本是以"新"溯"旧",复兴中国乡土文明,其未来必将通向生态文明之路。

On the levels of'experience','theory',and'principle',this paper describes the ten-year-long New Rural Construction Movement in Kaifeng,a traditional agricultural city located in the east of Henan Province.The movement,which involved a large number of intellectuals,was a great pilot project that brought together a diversity of forces. In this process,farmers' self-help was reinforced by mutual help between urban and rural areas,leading to an extended revival and renewal of rural culture. The paper tries to explain the movement in three aspects:from the'antithesis'of how the'cost transferring mechanism'of local industrialization has resulted in the'three rural issues',to the'thesis'of the internal foundation,external conditions,and main characteristics of'local and comprehensive'experiences,and finally to the'synthesis'of why the experiment appears to be more like a'movement'than an'institution'in the game played between the structure-reversed factors and the structure-forward factors. In this way,the paper attempts to reveal the principle of contemporary new rural construction. In the meanwhile,the paper traces the historical development of the rural construction movement in the 20th century,arguing that the ultimate principle lies in the renaissance of rural civilization,with an ecological civilization somewhere down the road.