跨语言因素对留学生理解汉语句子速度的影响

The Influences of Cross-language Factor on Foreign Students' Comprehension Speed of Chinese Sentences

本研究以汉语常用的10个句式为语料,母语是英语、日语和韩语的留学生为被试,母语为汉语的大学生作参照,探讨跨语言因素对留学生理解汉语句子速度的影响。结果发现留学生与大学生理解句子的速度差异显著;中等水平留学生理解句子的差别仍与其母语语法类型有关,且其母语使用的文字跟汉字的差别程度对他们理解也有影响。研究结论为对外汉语实施分类和有针对性教学提供了依据。

The study of this paper explores the influences of cross-language factor on the speed of comprehension of Chinese sentences by foreign students whose mother tongues are English, Japanese or Korean. A comparison between the foreign students and Chinese students is also conducted. Ten Chinese constructions, including three subject-verb-object constructions （zhu dong bin ju）, subject-verb-agent construction （shi bin ju）, two topiccomment constructions, two Ba constructions, Bei construction, and Bei-Ba compound construction are chosen as the test materials. The research found highly significant difference between the foreign students and the Mandarin Chinese speakers in Chinese sentence comprehension, even though the former＇s Chinese knowledge is at the secondary level. The foreign students＇ comprehension speed of Chinese sentences is also related to their specific mother tongue, significant difference being found between the students whose mother tongue is Eng- lish and those whose mother tongues are Japanese or Korean, though the difference was less significant with foreign learners of Chinese at the primary level. The differences between the learners＇ native languages and Chinese in character type also had an effect on the result. The findings of our experiment provide some implications for the teaching of Chinese language to the foreign students and it suggests that different teaching methods should be adopted according to their specific native languages.