“一量名”兼表定指与类指现象初探

On the“Yi+Cl+NP”Denoting both Identifiability and Genericity

本文主要考察普通话中无定形式"一量名"结构兼表定指和类指的现象。在逐一考察"一量名"表达类指、表达定指以及与其定指意味来源有关的同位短语的基础上,本文对这种兼指现象进行了解释,它实际上是本为同位短语后件的"一量名"与类指"一量名"在句法表层的一种偶合,这种偶合有其语用动因,即说话人希望通过将个体类化的方式强调自己关于当前语境中某特定实体的态度或认识的合理性。

This paper discusses an interesting phenomenon in Mandarin where the same ＂yi（-）＋Cl＋NP＂ of a sentence simultaneously ＂refers＂ both to an identifiable individual and to the kind which this individual belongs to. Based on a rather detailed investigation on the kind-denOting and the individual-denoting functions of ＂yi ＋ Cl ＋ NP＂ constructions respectively, and on the appositional constructions in the form of ＂Pronoun/Proper Noun＋‘yi ＋Cl＋NP＇＂as well, the paper claims that this seemingly ＂odd＂ phenomenon results from the reinterpretation of the latter part of the relevant ＂Pronoun/Proper Noun＋ ＇ yi ＋ Cl ＋ NP’＂ when the appositional construction, with its former part （i.e. the pronoun or proper noun） omitted, occurs in the typical syntactic environment where kind-denoting ＂yi ＋Cl＋ NP＂ occurs. A syntactic coincidence though this phenomenon is, it is intentionally thus used by the speaker, who intends to justify his judgment on or attitude to an individual in the current context by means of generalization.