甘南牦牛繁育技术体系的建立与优化

Establishment and optimization of breeding technical system in Gannan yak

为了提高甘南牦牛繁殖效率与供种能力,应用品种选育技术从体形外貌、体质类型、生长发育、繁殖性能、性状遗传和种用价值等方面开展甘南牦牛系统选育,采用优良基因的选优提纯、科学选种选配、纯种繁育、定向培育、科学饲养等措施,建立由甘南牦牛核心群、扩繁群、商品生产群组成的三级繁育技术体系。结果表明:通过甘南牦牛繁育技术体系的建立与优化,选育核心群成年公牦牛平均体高、体斜长、胸围和体重分别增加了5.2 cm、7.4 cm、16.3 cm、19.2 kg,成年母牦牛平均体高、体斜长、胸围和体重分别增加了3.9 cm、5.8 cm、13.7 cm、14.5 kg,犊牛繁殖成活率提高了9.5%。

To improve the reproductive efficiency and breeding capability of Gannan yak, it was carried out system breeding for Gannan yak using breeding techniques based on the following aspects ： body type and appearance, constitutional types, growth and development, reproductive performance, inherited character, and breeding value. The three -tier breeding technical system including nucleus herd, multiplication herd and commercial herd for Gannan yak, was established through many measures, such as optimal selection and purification of the excellent gene, scientific selection and selective mating, pedigree breeding, directional breeding, scientific raising and so on. The results showed that through the establishment and optimization of breeding technical system in Gannan yak, the body height, body length, heart girth and body weight of adult male yaks in the nucleus herds were increased by 5.2 cm, 7.4 cm, 16.3 cm and 19.2 kg, respectively. And the body height, body length, heart girth and body weight of the adult female yaks were increased by 3.9 cm, 5.8cm, 13.7 cm and 14.5 kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the reproductive survival rate of calf was increased by 9.5%.